Gore, R. H., and L. E. Scotto. 1979. Crabs of the family Parthenopidae (Crustacea Brachyura: Oxyrhyncha) with notes on specimens from the Indian River region of Florida. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises (Florida Department of Natural Resources) III(IV): 1–98.
Melo, G. A. S. 1996. Manual de Identificação dos Brachyura (Cananguejos e Siris) do Litoral Brasileiro. Plêiade/FAPESP, São Paulo.
Melo, G. A. S. 1998b. Malacostraca - Eucarida. Brachyura. Oxyrhyncha and Brachyrhyncha. Pp. 455–515 in P. S. Young, ed. Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Série Livros n. 6, Rio de Janerio.
Pequegnat, W. E., L. H. Pequegnat, R. W. Firth, Jr., B. M. James, and T. W. Roberts. 1971. Gulf of Mexico Deep-Sea Fauna, Decapoda and Euphausiacea. Folio 20: Serial Atlas of the Marine Environment. American Geographical Society, New York.
Rathbun, M. J. 1925. The spider crabs of America. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum 129: i–x, 1–613.
Soto, L. A. 1986. Deep-water brachyuran crabs of the Straits of Florida (Crustacea, Decapoda). Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 13: 1–68.
Williams, A. B. 1984b. Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs of the Atlantic Coast of the Eastern United States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.