Pennaria disticha

Min Depth

0 meters

Max Depth

29 meters

Overall Geographic Range

Southeastern U.S. and the Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Bermuda, northeastern U.S. and Atlantic Canada, Atlantic coast of South America, eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, western Pacific, eastern Pacific

Habitat-Biology

benthic
bay and nearshore
hard substrate
coral reef
wreck
oil rig
concrete pier

Microhabitat

epizoic fauna
encrusting fauna (fouling community)
cryptic fauna
epibiont fauna

References

Deevey, E. S. Jr. 1954. Hydroids of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 267–272 in P. S. Galtsoff, ed. Gulf of Mexico, Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life. Fishery Bulletin 89. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, Volume 55, Washington, D.C.
Joyce, E. A., Jr. 1961. The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville. 116 pp.
Menzel, R. W. (Ed.) 1956. Annotated check-list of the marine fauna and flora of the St. George’s Sound–Apalachee Bay region, Florida Gulf coast. Florida State University Oceanographic Institute Contribution 61: 1–78.
Vervoort, W. 1968. Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 92: 1–124.

Species Notes

None noted.

Source

Calder, D. R. and S. D. Cairns. 2009. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 381–394 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.

GulfBase Citation

Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. 2016. GulfBase: Resource Database for Gulf of Mexico Research, Education, and Management. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.gulfbase.org, 05-05-2024.

External Resources

Search for "Pennaria disticha" in: